Since mid-November, the Houthis have launched over 30 attacks on shipping vessels in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, threatening commercial activity and freedom of navigation on a key international trade route. In a co-authored memorandum to President Biden, published by the Middle East Institute, CERL Executive Board member General Joseph Votel offers seven actionable recommendations to degrade Houthi military capabilities and deter Iran.

General Joseph L. Votel, U.S. Army (Ret.) is the former Commander of the U.S. Central Command. He is a Distinguished Senior Fellow on National Security at the Middle East Institute and a member of the CERL Executive Board. Read his bio here.

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